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Ancestral versus Derived Alleles at a Site

The seed paper reports that 11 of the 14 higher-pitch alleles are the derived allele, and that fact is only readable if the student knows the ancestral/derived split is about history, not about frequency, quality or normality.

Questions this Concept answers

Why does labelling an allele ancestral or derived say nothing about whether it is better or worse?

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Foundations of Human Genetic Variation in Population Genetics

Population genetics studies how genetic variation is distributed and organized across individuals and populations, and how that variation relates to phenotype and disease. Its core building blocks ar…