How angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) identifies and characterizes three-dimensional topological materials — strong and crystalline topological insulators, magnetic topological insulators, and Dirac, Weyl, nodal, and chiral semimetals. Students learn to read ARPES spectra for topologically protected surface states, band inversion, spin-momentum locking, and Berry-phase signatures via the bulk-boundary correspondence, and how spin-resolved and time-resolved pump-probe ARPES extend these measurements to spin textures and unoccupied states.
Angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) measures the energy and momentum of electrons ejected from a crystal by photons, mapping the occupied electronic band structure directly. This review…