Carbon-13 NMR
13C is only 1.1% abundant with a low gyromagnetic ratio, so spectra need signal averaging and are run with broadband proton decoupling, collapsing every carbon to a singlet over a ~0-220 ppm shift range. Each line marks a distinct carbon environment; symmetry-related carbons overlap, and integrals are unreliable because relaxation and NOE differ per carbon.
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13C is only 1.1% abundant with a low gyromagnetic ratio, so spectra need signal averaging and are run with broadband proton decoupling, collapsing every carbon to a singlet over a ~0-220 ppm shift range. Each line marks a distinct carbon environment; symmetry-related carbons overlap, and integrals are unreliable because relaxation and NOE differ per carbon.
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