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Casper FFG

Ethereum's finality gadget: validators cast justify/finalize votes on epoch-boundary checkpoints, a checkpoint is justified with a two-thirds stake supermajority link, and a justified checkpoint whose direct child is also justified becomes finalized. Its two slashing conditions (no double vote, no surround vote) guarantee that two conflicting finalized checkpoints imply at least one-third of stake is slashable.

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Ethereum's finality gadget: validators cast justify/finalize votes on epoch-boundary checkpoints, a checkpoint is justified with a two-thirds stake supermajority link, and a justified checkpoint whose direct child is also justified becomes finalized. Its two slashing conditions (no double vote, no surround vote) guarantee that two conflicting finalized checkpoints imply at least one-third of stake is slashable.

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