Conceptual
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Converting an Effect Size in SD Units Back to Hertz

The conversion that makes the result physical and, in this case, deflates it. The paper reports β = 0.11 SD and also states the translation: +2.1 Hz per allele, 4.2 Hz for a homozygote. Doing that arithmetic yourself is what turns a significant finding into an audibly tiny one, and it sets up the honest-reading section.

Questions this Concept answers

  • Why is an effect of \( 0.11 \) SD per allele hard to interpret until it is converted?