Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, an enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the Betacoronavirus family within Orthornavirales. The fundamental mechanism of pathogenicity involves viral spike proteins binding specifically to host angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on epithelial cells, mediating entry and initiating infection via respiratory droplet transmission. While asymptomatic or mild cases constitute the majority of outcomes due to inherent immune tolerance in most hosts, severe pathology arises from complications including pneumonia, multi-organ failure, and shock resulting from uncontrolled viral replication and host inflammatory response dysregulation.
Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2, an enveloped single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus belonging to the Betacoronavirus family within Orthornavirales. The fundamental mech…