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Denitrifying Bacteria Turn Nitrate into Gas in Waterlogged Garden Beds

When more than about 60–70 % of soil pore space is water-filled, denitrifiers reduce NO₃⁻ to N₂O and N₂ gas; a warm, saturated clay bed can lose a few percent of its nitrate per day, so raised beds and not overwatering keep nitrogen in the soil.