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Deriving the Coefficients of Simpson's Rule in Calculus

Simpson's rule approximates the definite integral of a function over an interval by fitting a quadratic (parabola) through three equally spaced points on the curve and computing the exact area under that parabola in closed form; this derivation shows that the resulting area equals (h/3)(y0 + 4y1 + y2), which explains the origin of Simpson's rule's characteristic 1-4-1 coefficient pattern. This belongs to numerical integration within calculus, a topic concerned with approximating definite integrals of functions that may be difficult or impossible to integrate exactly.