Conceptual

Disentangling Mass and Environmental Quenching of Galaxies

Combining the PAC excess-surface-density statistic (which merges spectroscopic and deep photometric surveys) with a simulation-calibrated stellar-mass-halo-mass relation and galaxy-halo connection to separate mass quenching from environmental quenching of star formation, assigning each (sub)halo a quenching probability; the method finds mass quenching dominates (mass-quenched fraction 0.3 to 0.87 across 10^9.5-10^11 Msun) while environmental quenching falls from 0.17 to 0.03 and more massive host halos quench satellites more effectively.