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Distributive Property of Multiplication over Addition in Algebra

A student can apply the rule \( a(b + c) = ab + ac \) to expand a single factor across every term inside a grouping, for numeric factors, variable factors, and mixed expressions, and can extend it to any number of terms and to subtraction by treating subtraction as adding a negative. They can also run it in reverse, pulling a common factor out of every term. They know the boundary: the property distributes over terms joined by addition or subtraction, never over members joined by multiplication or division.