Conceptual

Faithfulness Metrics for Hallucination Assessment in Large Language Models

A survey of how the faithfulness of LLM-generated text (its freedom from hallucination relative to a source) is measured across summarization, question-answering and machine translation. Covers lexical-overlap metrics (ROUGE, BLEU), embedding-based metrics (BERTScore), claim-extraction and QA-based metrics, and using an LLM itself as an evaluator, comparing each against human judgement, and reviews hallucination-mitigation strategies such as retrieval-augmented generation and prompting frameworks.