Conceptual

Frequency-Resolved Heat Dissipation Spectrum of Time-Delayed Langevin Systems

A method for exposing the fine structure of heat dissipation in stochastic systems whose dynamics depend on their history, by decomposing the dissipation into a frequency spectrum through the Harada-Sasa equality that ties it to the violation of the fluctuation-response relation. For linear time-delayed Langevin systems the spectrum oscillates across all frequencies, with a high-frequency envelope decaying as one over frequency and a low-frequency shape that encodes the sign and magnitude of the total dissipation.