Conceptual
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GWAS Summary Statistics: What a Study Publishes per Variant

The output format that makes everything downstream possible. One row per variant carrying effect allele, frequency, β, standard error and p-value is what gets shared instead of individual genomes, and it is the input to LD score regression, to genetic correlation, and to the borrowed African-ancestry pulse-pressure data used later for fine-mapping.

Questions this Concept answers

  • Why can summary statistics be shared openly when the underlying genotypes usually cannot?