The humerus is the long bone of the upper arm that articulates proximally with the scapula's shallow glenoid cavity (forming the highly mobile glenohumeral joint) and distally with the ulna and radius at the elbow, with its surface anatomy defined by named landmarks—anatomical and surgical necks, greater and lesser tubercles separated by the intertubercular sulcus, supracondylar ridges, epicondyles, and the trochlea/capitulum condyles—that serve as muscle attachment sites, joint articulation surfaces, or neurovascular passageways. This content belongs to osteology within human gross anatomy, establishing the structure-function relationships between bony landmarks, joint mobility/stability, and associated soft tissue (muscle, nerve, vessel) attachments.
The humerus is the long bone of the upper arm that articulates proximally with the scapula's shallow glenoid cavity (forming the highly mobile glenohumeral joint) and distally with the ulna and radiu…