The core principle is **Sequencing by Synthesis (SBS)**, a mechanism in which DNA polymerases incorporate fluorescently labeled reversible terminator nucleotides into complementary strands on clonal clusters generated via bridge amplification, allowing for simultaneous detection of bases based on distinct emission wavelengths. This process operates within the domain of high-throughput Next Generation Sequencing (NGS), relying on massively parallel imaging to determine sequence identity without terminating synthesis after single-nucleotide incorporation cycles. The theory extends to structural variant analysis through **Paired-End** and **Mate-Pair sequencing**, where knowledge of insert sizes allows for genomic mapping, scaffold construction, and the detection of large-scale rearrangements such as inversions or duplications that exceed short-read resolution limits.
The core principle is **Sequencing by Synthesis (SBS)**, a mechanism in which DNA polymerases incorporate fluorescently labeled reversible terminator nucleotides into complementary strands on clonal …