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Landauer-Buttiker Transport Formula for Open Quantum Systems with Gain and Loss

How the Landauer-Buttiker description of current through a lead-coupled conductor extends to systems with local gain or loss, using the Lindblad-Keldysh formalism. Students learn how dissipation enters the current formula and how it produces effects absent in closed systems: symmetry-breaking-generated current, disorder-induced current, and skin-effect-modified conductances.

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Extended Landauer-Büttiker Formula for Current through Open Quantum Systems with Gain or Loss Chao

A derivation that generalizes the Landauer-Buttiker formula - the standard expression for steady-state particle and energy current through a finite conductor connected to leads - to open quantum syst…