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Maximum-Force Bound for Stable Self-Gravitating Matter

Using the non-linearly coupled Einstein-matter field equations together with a dynamical-stability requirement, one can prove that the radial force function F = 4*pi*r^2*p(r) inside a spatially regular, horizonless, stable self-gravitating matter configuration is bounded above by c^4/G. This gives a rigorous, interior-matter realization of the Gibbons-Schiller maximum-force conjecture in curved spacetime, grounding the universal c^4/G force scale in stellar structure and stability rather than in black-hole horizons.

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On the maximum force conjecture in curved spacetimes of stable self-gravitating matter

This short paper addresses the maximum-force conjecture in general relativity, the proposal by Gibbons and Schiller that forces are universally bounded by F <= eta*c^4/G (with eta=1/4 in the strong v…