Conceptual

Model-Independent Absolute Energy-Scale Calibration for Liquid Argon TPCs

A calibration technique for liquid argon time projection chambers that converts measured ionisation charge per unit length (dQ/dx) into deposited energy per unit length (dE/dx) without relying on external recombination-model parameters. The scale is fixed by fitting the ratio of Landau-Vavilov-predicted dE/dx to measured dQ/dx as a function of residual range along stopping cosmic-ray muon tracks, then validated on pions and protons, which exhibit identical dE/dx at equal momentum-to-mass ratio.