Neurulation is a developmental mechanism wherein ectoderm differentiation into neural plate and subsequent folding yields a neural tube via interactions between the underlying notochord and overlying mesoderm, which serves as the foundation for vertebrate nervous system embryology. Theoretical outcomes include primary vesicle formation from the cephalic end of the neural tube giving rise to secondary vesicles (prosencephalon, mesencephalon, rhombencephalon) that further differentiate into specific brain structures and ventricular cavities, while failure of this process results in congenital pathologies such as anencephaly or spina bifida. This concept operates within the domain of comparative embryology to explain the ontogeny of central nervous system anatomy and associated spinal cord derivatives.
Neurulation is a developmental mechanism wherein ectoderm differentiation into neural plate and subsequent folding yields a neural tube via interactions between the underlying notochord and overlying…