Octet Rule Exceptions

Identify when elements like boron, sulfur, and phosphorus violate the octet rule and why.

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Octet Rule Exceptions Radicals Octet-Deficient Boron and Valence Shell Expansion in Lewis Structures

The octet rule for Lewis structures has systematic exceptions — species with an odd number of valence electrons (radicals), electron-deficient central atoms (notably boron and aluminum in group 13), …