In the mechanics of metal machining, cutting is classified as orthogonal when the tool's cutting edge lies in the reference plane (inclination angle zero) so that chip flow occurs along the orthogonal plane, and as oblique when the cutting edge is inclined, causing the chip to deviate from that plane by a chip flow deviation angle. This deviation arises from restricted cutting effect (contribution of a secondary cutting edge) and tool nose radius, and it necessitates a distinct geometric parameter, the effective rake angle, defined on the plane containing the actual chip flow direction, as the correct rake angle for analyzing cutting mechanics, forces, friction, and tool wear in oblique cutting.
In the mechanics of metal machining, cutting is classified as orthogonal when the tool's cutting edge lies in the reference plane (inclination angle zero) so that chip flow occurs along the orthogona…