Conceptual

Physics Foundations of Pharmacy Education and Pharmaceutical Research

A review arguing that physics is a foundational but under-emphasized pillar of pharmacy. It synthesizes how physical principles (thermodynamics, reaction kinetics, fluid dynamics, surface tension, spectroscopy) underpin drug formulation, molecular interactions, and nanoparticle/liposome drug-delivery systems, and how physics-based technologies (MRI, CT, PET imaging, molecular modeling) drive pharmaceutical research. It advocates explicitly integrating physics into the pharmacy curriculum through laboratory-based and interdisciplinary teaching to build critical-thinking and problem-solving skills, and anticipates a physics-plus-AI convergence for precision drug discovery and personalized medicine.