Conceptual

Privacy-Adaptive Federated Learning with Blockchain Provenance for Internet of Vehicles

FAPL-DM-BC integrates adaptive privacy-aware federated learning and dynamic masking (tuning the privacy mechanism to real-time data sensitivity), blockchain smart-contract provenance and decentralized validation against model poisoning, secure aggregation via FedAvg and secure multi-party computation, and an explainable-AI feedback loop, into one architecture for secure and interpretable learning across vehicular networks.