Conceptual

Probability Theory Explained Simply

Probability theory is a mathematical framework within statistics that quantifies the likelihood of random events occurring using outcomes, sample spaces, and independent variables. The domain employs formal definitions such as intersection (AND), union (OR), expected value, variance, conditional probability, and the law of large numbers to model stochastic processes where long-term frequencies converge toward theoretical probabilities despite short-term fluctuations or cognitive biases like the gambler's fallacy.