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Programming to an Interface Rather Than an Implementation

A caller declares the operations it needs as an abstract contract and holds a reference of that contract type, so any object implementing the contract can be substituted at runtime without changing the caller. After learning this a student can define an interface from a caller's required operations, write code that depends only on that interface, and swap concrete implementations without editing the code that uses them.

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Programming to an Interface Not an Implementation in Object-Oriented Design

This concept addresses the object-oriented design principle of "programming to an interface, not an implementation," which states that client code should depend on a polymorphic abstraction (an inter…