Conditional operators in Python function as a mechanism for evaluating Boolean expressions, which return binary truth values (True or False) of the `bool` data type. These expressions represent the outcome of comparison and identity operations, serving as fundamental predicates for controlling program execution flow within decision-making structures like `if` statements and loop conditions. The theory defines these operators as the formal interface between abstract logical states and the procedural execution of code within the domain of computer science.
Prerequisite chain context: requires Boolean Values and Logic in Python.