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Python Logging and Benchmarking Using Decorators

Cross-cutting concerns such as logging, authentication, benchmarking, and event tracking affect many parts of a program and tend to cause code duplication or tight coupling when added directly. The decorator idea wraps an object or function with additional behavior while keeping the same interface, so concerns can be layered, ordered, and reused without modifying the wrapped code. In Python, the classic object-oriented Decorator pattern is replaced by function decorators: higher-order functions that take a function and return a wrapper, belonging to software design and functional programming techniques in Python.