Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a paradigm organizing code around classes and objects that combine data and behavior, and it exists in tension and complementarity with functional programming, which organizes code around composable, stateless functions. Effective object-oriented design distinguishes data-oriented classes (whose purpose is to structure related data) from behavior-oriented classes (whose purpose is to group related operations), favors shallow inheritance limited mainly to defining interfaces (via abstract base classes or structural typing/protocols) over deep inheritance hierarchies, and relies on dependency injection and dependency inversion to decouple components by depending on abstractions rather than concrete implementations. This belongs to the domain of software design principles, specifically the comparative evaluation of paradigms and idioms for structuring maintainable object-oriented code.
Object-oriented programming (OOP) is a paradigm organizing code around classes and objects that combine data and behavior, and it exists in tension and complementarity with functional programming, wh…