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Python Retry Pattern and Exponential Backoff using Decorators

The retry pattern wraps an operation that may fail and automatically re-executes it a bounded number of times, making software fault tolerant against transient failures such as brief outages, network problems, and rate limits. Exponential backoff increases the wait between successive attempts to avoid overloading a struggling service, and fallback strategies substitute alternative operations when repeated attempts fail. This belongs to resilient software design and distributed-systems reliability, where retries must be applied only to temporary, idempotent failures.