The core principle demonstrated is that the non-relativistic nucleon-nucleon potential can be derived from relativistic Quantum Field Theory by evaluating scattering amplitudes in the low-energy limit where exchanged massive particles generate short-range forces. This mechanism connects abstract Feynman diagram calculations, specifically Yukawa exchange vertices involving creation and annihilation operators for identical fermions, to physical observables defined as potentials dependent on relative distance $R$. The theory establishes that while relativistic formalisms do not inherently define static potentials in all frames, the non-relativistic limit recovers the standard form $V(r) \propto e^{-\mu r}/r$, confirming that mass exchange suppresses force range inversely proportional to particle mass.
The core principle demonstrated is that the non-relativistic nucleon-nucleon potential can be derived from relativistic Quantum Field Theory by evaluating scattering amplitudes in the low-energy limi…