This concept catalogs the range of motion available at the joints of the upper limb, defining the standard movement terminology (elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, abduction/adduction, flexion/extension, internal/external rotation, supination/pronation, scapular upward/downward rotation) and associating each movement with the specific joint at which it occurs (sternoclavicular, glenohumeral, elbow, wrist, and digital joints). It also addresses the biomechanical coupling between glenohumeral elevation and compensatory scapular rotation, in which movement of the glenoid cavity is linked to opposite movement of the scapula's inferior angle. This belongs to musculoskeletal anatomy and functions as the terminological and mechanical foundation for describing upper limb mobility, which is later attributed to the muscles attaching to the limb's bony landmarks.
This concept catalogs the range of motion available at the joints of the upper limb, defining the standard movement terminology (elevation/depression, protraction/retraction, abduction/adduction, fle…