Conceptual

Recognizing and Managing Shock

Shock is the body failing to deliver enough oxygenated blood to its tissues, and it can follow severe bleeding, major injury, allergic reaction, or serious illness. Recognize it by pale or ashen cool clammy skin, rapid weak pulse, rapid breathing, thirst, confusion, restlessness, or fainting. Management by a layperson is supportive: have the person lie down, control any bleeding, keep them warm with a blanket, and give nothing to eat or drink. Suspected shock is always a call-emergency-services situation — it worsens without professional treatment.