This concept covers calcium homeostasis regulation via parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D, explaining how these hormones act on bone, kidney, and intestine to maintain serum calcium and phosphate levels. It belongs to endocrine physiology, detailing the biosynthetic activation pathway of vitamin D (skin/diet to liver 25-hydroxylation to renal 1-alpha-hydroxylation into calcitriol) and PTH's site-specific renal actions (distal convoluted tubule calcium reabsorption, proximal convoluted tubule phosphate wasting and 1-alpha-hydroxylase activation) via G-protein-coupled cyclic AMP signaling. The relationship to the parent discipline is that mineral homeostasis is maintained through coordinated hormonal feedback loops among the parathyroid glands, kidney, intestine, and bone.
This concept covers calcium homeostasis regulation via parathyroid hormone (PTH) and vitamin D, explaining how these hormones act on bone, kidney, and intestine to maintain serum calcium and phosphat…