The core principle is that quantum field theories describing short-distance physics beyond a specific ultraviolet scale must be formulated with bare parameters constrained by low-energy renormalization conditions to yield finite, predictive scattering amplitudes. The mechanism involves regularizing loop integrals via momentum cutoffs in Euclidean space (Wick rotation) and absorbing divergences into counter-terms defined at physical scales ($\Lambda^2$). This approach belongs to the domain of Quantum Field Theory within high-energy physics, where it serves as the foundational method for defining observable coupling constants independent of ultraviolet details.
The core principle is that quantum field theories describing short-distance physics beyond a specific ultraviolet scale must be formulated with bare parameters constrained by low-energy renormalizati…