Conceptual

Short Channel Effects DIBL and Leakage Current in Digital IC Design

The short channel effect known as Drain Induced Barrier Lowering (DIBL) describes the reduction in a transistor's threshold voltage due to the drain-induced modulation of the potential barrier height when increasing drain-to-source bias causes depletion regions to encroach upon the inversion layer. This mechanism is formally defined by modifying standard MOSFET current equations with an ideality coefficient ($\eta$) and DIBL factor that accounts for body effect interactions, ultimately determining whether operation occurs in saturation or linear regions while governing sub-threshold leakage currents at low gate overdrives.