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Singular Covariance Collapse

If a component's mean lands on a single data point, its covariance can shrink toward zero and the likelihood diverges to infinity — a pathological spike, not a good fit; regularization adds a small floor to Sigma's diagonal (or a Wishart prior) to keep it positive definite.

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If a component's mean lands on a single data point, its covariance can shrink toward zero and the likelihood diverges to infinity — a pathological spike, not a good fit; regularization adds a small floor to Sigma's diagonal (or a Wishart prior) to keep it positive definite.

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