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Statistical Independence

Events or variables are independent when their joint probability factorizes, P(A and B) = P(A) P(B), so observing one changes nothing about the other; i.i.d. sampling is what turns a dataset's likelihood into a product.

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Conditional Probability and Independence in Statistics

This concept covers conditional probability and statistical independence: the conditional probability of an event A given event B, P(A|B), is the probability that A occurs given that B is known to ha…