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Stop Overusing Classes in Python by Using Functions and Composition

The core principle asserts that object-oriented design should prioritize composition and functional abstraction over deep inheritance hierarchies or excessive encapsulation when behavioral coupling is unnecessary. In the domain of software architecture, this theory defines "over-engineering" as a condition where classes implement redundant getter/setter patterns for data containers without side effects, thereby violating Occam's razor by introducing brittle dependencies rather than decoupled functionality. The mechanism relies on replacing mixin-based inheritance with composable functions and protocols to minimize coupling while maintaining type safety through abstractions like Callable aliases or Abstract Base Classes.