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Surface Magnetic Fields During Pre-Main-Sequence X-ray Flares

A direct-measurement study of the surface magnetic fields of young pre-main-sequence stars during and just after powerful X-ray flares, combining X-ray timing with near-infrared Zeeman spectropolarimetry. It shows the fields are typical of non-flaring stars rather than anomalously strong, and explains deviations from the X-ray-luminosity versus magnetic-flux law by the large active regions, giant dipolar loops, and large coronal volumes of these fully convective stars.

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Draft version January 3, 2025 Typeset using LATEX twocolumn style in AASTeX631 Multi-Observatory

The paper tests whether the powerful X-ray flares of young pre-main-sequence (PMS) stars require abnormally strong surface magnetic fields, as earlier magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) flare models had infer…