Surface water treatment is a physicochemical mechanism designed to transform influent surface sources into potable effluent by systematically removing suspended and dissolved contaminants through coagulation, flocculation, sedimentation, filtration, and disinfection. The core theoretical framework classifies impurity removal based on distinct physical, chemical (e.g., pH, hardness, TDS), and biological parameters governed by equilibrium laws such as Henry's Law regarding dissolved oxygen saturation. This process adheres to standardized regulatory boundaries defined in the Philippine National Standards for Drinking Water, establishing specific limits for turbidity, coliform counts, heavy metals, and disinfection residuals that constitute the threshold for human consumption safety within civil engineering water resource management.
Surface water treatment is a physicochemical mechanism designed to transform influent surface sources into potable effluent by systematically removing suspended and dissolved contaminants through coa…