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Swampland Constraints on Positive Scalar Potentials in Quantum Gravity

Why a consistent theory of quantum gravity forbids arbitrary positive scalar potentials, and what that implies for cosmology. Drawing on the Swampland program's distance conjecture, species scale, de Sitter (dS) conjecture and TransPlanckian Censorship Conjecture, it derives bounds on small positive potentials V>0 and applies them to constrain models of early-universe inflation and the long-term stability of dark energy, motivating Swampland-based alternatives to standard inflation.