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The Six Canons of Xie He in Chinese Painting Theory

The Six Canons (or Laws) of Xie He, formulated circa 500–550 CE, are the foundational principles of Chinese painting theory, establishing criteria by which paintings are conceived and evaluated. The canons address distinct aspects of pictorial practice — spirit/life-force animation, brushwork technique, formal fidelity, color usage, compositional arrangement, and transmission through copying — and have remained a central, if elliptical, framework informing Chinese art theory and practice up to the present.