Thermal equilibrium is a fundamental state in thermodynamics defined by the condition where two bodies in thermal contact cease net heat transfer because they have reached identical temperatures. This concept relies on the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which dictates that spontaneous heat flow occurs exclusively from regions of higher temperature to those of lower temperature until isotropy is achieved. It represents an endpoint within classical mechanics and statistical physics where macroscopic variables stabilize despite ongoing microscopic molecular interactions.
Thermal equilibrium is a fundamental state in thermodynamics defined by the condition where two bodies in thermal contact cease net heat transfer because they have reached identical temperatures. Thi…