Tissue Fixation Artifacts
Under-fixation leaves autolysed, poorly cross-linked tissue with edge-to-center staining gradients, while over-fixation drives excessive methylene bridging that suppresses signal; cold ischemia time before the tissue enters formalin degrades labile epitopes such as phosphoproteins. Recording fixation start time and duration is a required pre-analytic variable.
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Under-fixation leaves autolysed, poorly cross-linked tissue with edge-to-center staining gradients, while over-fixation drives excessive methylene bridging that suppresses signal; cold ischemia time before the tissue enters formalin degrades labile epitopes such as phosphoproteins. Recording fixation start time and duration is a required pre-analytic variable.
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