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Turning an Effect Estimate into a P-Value with Its Standard Error

Effect size alone is uninterpretable; the estimate's standard error is what converts it into a test statistic and then a p-value. This node is why P = 2.6 x 10^-18 for the lead variant is a statement about precision in a sample of 12,901 and not a statement about how large the effect is.

Questions this Concept answers

  • Why can a very small p-value sit alongside a very small effect estimate?