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Union Filesystem

A filesystem (OverlayFS in practice) that stacks read-only layers beneath a writable top layer, presenting one merged view; writes copy files up into the top layer, leaving lower layers untouched. This makes filesystem layers immutable and shareable across many consumers.

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How Linux Namespaces, Cgroups, and Union Filesystems Create Docker Containers

A container is not a virtual machine but an ordinary host process whose perceived environment is constructed by three Linux kernel mechanisms: namespaces, which partition the visibility of global sys…