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Vitamin E antioxidant functions and deficiency manifestations in biology

Vitamin E functions as a potent chain-breaking antioxidant within biological systems by scavenging free radicals to prevent lipid peroxidation in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) and stabilize phospholipid cell membranes against lysis. This mechanism protects sub-cellular organelles, reduces cellular aging via the neutralization of hydroxyl radicals converting them into non-radical species, and maintains structural integrity essential for cellular respiration and immune response modulation in living organisms.