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Western Blot Artifact Diagnosis

Blot failures map to stages: no signal points to failed transfer, dead conjugate, or absent target; uniform high background to insufficient blocking or excess secondary; extra bands to antibody cross-reactivity, degradation, or splice variants; and smiling or frowning bands to Joule heating and uneven current across the gel. Reading the pattern identifies which step to repeat rather than repeating the whole blot.

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Blot failures map to stages: no signal points to failed transfer, dead conjugate, or absent target; uniform high background to insufficient blocking or excess secondary; extra bands to antibody cross-reactivity, degradation, or splice variants; and smiling or frowning bands to Joule heating and uneven current across the gel. Reading the pattern identifies which step to repeat rather than repeating the whole blot.

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