The core principle is wave-particle duality, a fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics positing that matter (specifically electrons) and energy exhibit both particle-like and wave-like properties simultaneously. This concept resolves the instability problem in atomic models by demonstrating that an electron's behavior as a standing wave constrains it to discrete quantized energy levels via the Schrödinger equation, preventing orbital decay into the nucleus. The theory relies on formal definitions such as Planck's constant ($h$), wavelength inversely proportional to momentum ($\lambda = h/p$), and de Broglie relations which link physical properties of particles to wave characteristics within quantum field domains.
The core principle is wave-particle duality, a fundamental tenet of quantum mechanics positing that matter (specifically electrons) and energy exhibit both particle-like and wave-like properties simu…