Faultlines Studio
126 minutes
Zwicky's 1933 Coma Cluster Missing Mass Survived Correcting Hubble's Distance Scale
Fritz Zwicky (1933) applied the virial theorem to galaxy speeds in the Coma Cluster and found far more mass than light. His Hubble constant was about 8 times today's; since mass-to-light scales as \( M/L \propto H_0 \), the ratio drops but stays dark-matter dominated.